Question Bank Essay

What is Computer software Development Existence Cycle? (SDLC) (2 mks) System Development Life Routine (SDLC) is the overall process of developing details systems through a multi-step procedure from exploration of initial requirements through analysis, design and style, implementation and maintenance. b) Draw a diagram to get pure design life cycle. (5 mks) [pic] c)Explain the different stages involved in design life cycle. (8 mks) Phase I Modeling Phase In this period we see the software product as part of a greater system or perhaps organization in which the product is essential. This is fundamentally a system perspective where all the system elements are created. Phase II Software Requirements Analysis Below we have a phase where the requirements are gathered.

The knowledge domain intended for the software is definitely understood. The function, behaviour, performance and interfacing with the software are determined. The requirements of the computer software and the client are made the decision upon.

Stage III Design This determines the info structures, the application architecture, the interface illustrations and the step-by-step (algorithmic) depth that goes in the software. Period IV Code Generation Here some of the programming is performed to obtain the equipment code; costly implementation from the design. Period V Testing Therapy is a process that goes hand in hand with the production of the equipment code. There are a number of assessment strategies. 1st unit assessment is done and after that integration testing.

Alpha testing is to decide if the software can be as per the analysis style whereas beta testing is to see if the application is what the customer wanted. Period VI Installation The program is produced to the customer. Period VII Maintenance This can be the largest phase of the application life cycle. Maintenance may be of different types: to modify the software as the requirements of the buyer evolve, to take out the residual pests in the software program etc . 2)What is feasibility study? Exactly what are the items we should have in the feasibility report? (5 mks) A feasibility analyze is a primary look at an existing information finalizing system to choose how it might be computerized or perhaps improved.

The contents which a feasibility statement are: A statement of purpose of the device. A definition of program scope. A list of deficiencies of the current system. A statement of user requirements. The cost and benefits of development.

A conclusion and recommendations. 3)What are the purposes of Data Circulation diagrams, Entity-Relationship diagrams? Give an example plan of each. (10 mks) Data Flow Diagrams Data Flow diagrams are a means of addressing a system at any level of fine detail with a image network of symbols displaying data goes, data shops, data operations, and data sources/destinations. The purpose of data movement diagrams is to provide a semantic bridge between users and systems developers.

The blueprints are: Graphical Eliminating thousands of words; Rational representations Modeling How system really does, rather than physical models displaying HOW it can it Hierarchical showing devices at any level of detail; and Jargonless permitting user understanding and reviewing. [pic] Business Relationship Picture E-R Diagram is a graphic representation with the data structure of a program at a high level of hysteria. It identifies data components and their inter-relationships in the program [pic] 4)What is data modeling? Give 5 good examples for info modeling. (5 mks) Data modeling is definitely the act of exploring data-oriented structures.

Like other modeling artifacts info models works extremely well for a various purposes, from high-level conceptual models to physical data models. As seen by of an object-oriented developer, info modeling is definitely conceptually comparable to class modeling. With data modeling you identify entity types whereas with category modeling you identify classes. Data characteristics are assigned to enterprise types just like you would give attributes and operations to classes.

Cases for info modeling consist of: Entity-Relationship diagrams Entity-Definition information Business and attributes report Table explanation report Relationships, inheritance, make up and assimilation. 5)What is the difference between SRS document and design record? What are the contents we need to contain in the SRS document and style document. SRS Document SRS document is actually a contract between your development group and the client. Once the SRS document qualifies by the buyer, any succeeding controversies are settled simply by referring the SRS document.

SRS file defines the customer’s requirements in terms of Functions, performance, external interfaces and design restrictions. SRS Includes: Efficient Non functional End user Software Program Design Doc The purpose of a design is always to describe the way the enhancements will be incorporated into the existing job. It should have samples of the finished item. This could include navigational device screenshots, model reports, and component diagrams. Design Involves: E-R Diagrams Data circulation diagrams Data Book 6)Explain every one of the phases involved in the implementation period. (10 mks) Conduct system Test Through this test software packages and in house courses have been mounted and tested, we need to execute a final system test.

All software packages, custom- built programs, and many existing programs that comprise the modern system has to be tested to make certain they all communicate This task requires analysts, owners, users, and builders. Prepare Conversion Consider successful completing system check, we can get started preparations to set the new program into procedure. Using the design and style specifications for the new system, the system analyst will develop an in depth conversion strategy. This plan will certainly identify Repository to be installed, end user teaching and records that would have to be developed, and a strategy for converting from the old system to the fresh system.

The conversion prepare may include one of the following commonly used installation tactics 1) Abrupt Cut-over 2) Parallel Change 3) Location Transformation 4) Staged Conversion Install Databases In the previous phase we built and tested the database. To set the system in to operation we really need fully crammed databases. The goal of this task should be to populate the newest systems sources with existing database from the old program.

System contractors play an initial role through this activity. Educate Users Converting to a new system requires that program users learn and furnished with documentation that guides these people through using the new system. Training can be carried out one on one; nevertheless group training is preferred. This task will be completed by system experts and entails system owners and users.

Convert to New System Change to the new system by old strategy is a significant landmark. After change, the possession of the system officially exchanges from the experts and programmers to the end users. The analyst completes this by undertaking the change plan Call to mind that the change plan comes with detailed unit installation strategies to stick to for switching from the existing to the new production information system. This task involves the device owners, users, analysts, designers, and builders.

7)List and explain various kinds of testing completed during the testing phase. (10 mks) Product Involves the style of test instances that confirm that the inner program logic is operating properly, which program advices produce valid outputs. Every decision divisions and inside code stream should be validated. Unit testing involves the usage of debugging technology and assessment techniques at an application component level and is also typically the responsibility of the builders, not the QA personnel.

Integration Since the system is integrated, it really is tested by the system creator for specification compliance. Concerned with testing the system as it is integrated from the components Integration testing is normally the most expensive activity in the devices integration process Should give attention to: Interface tests where the interactions between sub-systems and components are examined Property screening where system properties such as reliability, overall performance and simplicity are examined System Screening the system overall to confirm that it satisfies its specification and the targets of nearly all people. The testing of any complete program prior to delivery.

The purpose of system testing is to identify defects that will just surface every time a complete system is assembled. That may be, defects that cannot be caused by individual pieces or the conversation between two components. Program testing involves testing of performance, security, configuration sensitivity, startup and recovery coming from failure methods.

Involves check cases built to validate that the application and its particular supporting hardware/software components happen to be properly finalizing business info and deals. System testing requires the utilization of regression assessment techniques to validate that organization functions are meeting identified requirements. Black Box This is certainly testing devoid of knowledge of the interior workings of the item becoming tested.

For example , when dark box tests is applied to software executive, the tester would just know the legal inputs and what the anticipated outputs needs to be, but not how the program actually arrives at these outputs. It is because of this that black field testing may very well be testing with respect to the specifications, simply no other understanding of the program is necessary. For this reason, the tester plus the programmer could be independent of one another, avoiding programmer prejudice toward his own job. White Box Also known as goblet box, strength, clear field and open box testing. White Container is a software program testing technique whereby specific knowledge of the interior workings in the item becoming tested are accustomed to select the test out data.

In contrast to Black Container testing, light box testing uses specific knowledge of encoding code to examine outputs. The test is exact only if the tester is aware what the system is supposed to perform. He or she can in that case see if this software diverges from it is intended goal. White field testing will not account for problems caused by omission, and all noticeable code should also be readable.

8)List and explain every one of the phases active in the construction period. (10 mks) Build and Test Sites Most of the time new or perhaps enhanced applications are built about existing sites. If so there is no trouble. However if the fresh application necessitates new or modified sites they must normally be implemented before building and assessment databases and writing or installing pc programs which will use individuals networks.

This phase involves analysts, designers and builders A network developer and network administrator suppose the primary responsibility for doing this task. Build and Test out Databases This task must immediately forerun; go before other programming activities because databases are definitely the resource distributed by the pc programs to be written. In the event new or perhaps modified databases are required intended for the new program, we can now build and test individuals databases.

This task consists of system users, analysts, designers, and building contractors. Similar system professional that designed the repository will suppose the primary responsibility in concluding this task Set up and Test out New Software applications Several systems solutions may have got required the purchase or lease of software packages. If so , when networks and databases to get the new program have been built, we can install and evaluation the new application. This activity typically involves systems analysts, Designers, builders, sellers and consultants. Write and Test Fresh Programs In this period we are all set to develop any programs intended for the new program.

Prototype courses are frequently created in the style phase. However , these representative models are rarely completely functional or incomplete. This task requires the system analysts, designers and builders. 9)What is data conversion?

Why is it necessary? Data Conversion is definitely the changing in the data framework to accommodate fresh or diverse needs to get the data. Diverse operating systems have different application computer software, and each software normally has its own internal method of saving data. There are some requirements such as CSV files for databases and RTF documents for phrase processing textual content, however , these are generally few and far between and often only conserve the basic data rather than the total structure.

10)What is alter management? Pc based devices are dynamic. As the business Environment changes, there is a will need of a few changes to the data system.

The alterations occur not merely during the research, design, and development stages of the your life cycle in the system. From this process you will find two elements that are essential to the management of transform. The performance assessment board, which can make managementlevel decisions about system modifications. Baseline documentation, which can be referred to, to determine the extent and effects of suggested modifications.

11)What is customer acceptance screening? Explain diverse testings in user popularity testing. Why is it necessary?

End user Acceptance Testing is a period of software creation in which the application is tested in the real world by the intended audience. Distinct testings are: Alpha Screening Alpha testing is the software prototype stage when the applications are first able to run. Investment decision you won’t have all the intended functionality, but it will have core functions and will be capable to accept advices and generate outputs. An alpha test usually takes place in the developer’s offices over a separate system.

Beta Screening The beta phase of software design exposes a new item, which has simply emerged from in-house (alpha) testing, into a large number of real persons, real components, and real usage. Beta testing is usually not a way of getting free software program long-term, as the software runs out shortly after the testing period. User acceptance testing is used to know if the system is working or not (both clients; in-house) 12)What will be functional and nonfunctional requirements?

Functional How the system should respond to the particular inputs How a system should certainly behave towards the particular scenarios The particular system should not do No functional Constraints for the services or functions Time restrictions Restrictions on the advancement process 13)Explain the steps mixed up in prototyping 1 . Define the goal and purpose of the prototyping. installment payments on your Make ideas for iterations (number, range) and critiques (dates). several. Transform the conceptual design and style to a initially outline in the user interface and a first summary for the users’ data. 4. Style the newspaper prototype. five.

Let site experts assessment the newspaper prototype regarding completeness and correctness. 6th. Test the prototype’s simplicity.