Maslow’s theory of needs in individualistic and collectivist cultures Malika ...

1 . Abstract Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is actually a motivation theory elaborated with a humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow in 43. Maslow’s theory consists of your five main degrees of needs that form a pyramid: Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Take pleasure in, Esteem, Self-Actualization (Janet A. Simons, 1987).

Even though this kind of theory is most commonly used in individualistic nationalities, some results suggest that this may also be applied in collectivist lifestyle. However , the results will differ from those in individual cultures. In a collectivist traditions, the basic need is belonging to the world; self-esteem can be eliminated, and self-actualization is attained regarding meeting societal development demands (Gambrel, S. A. & Cianci, R., 2003). As a result, contrary to the belief that the simple concept of self-actualisation applies to virtually any human being in a culture, the current findings suggest that an individual’s needs happen to be partially sure by culture.

Implications include important impact on the workplace, while the concept of self-actualization shouldn’t have no choice but upon a collectivist culture and vice versa (Nevis, 1983). 2 . Advantages 2 . 1 Review Most well-known authors that have investigated worldwide implications of Maslow’s pecking order of requirements include Geert Hofstede, Edwin C. Nevis. Other individualism-collectivism studies by simply Hampden-Turner and Trompenaars, Schwartz, Bilsky, Ivtzan and Tanaka have an immediate relation to ideas of inspiration as well. installment payments on your 2 Purpose The purpose of this literature assessment is to organise, compare and synthesize academic papers linked to the Maslow’s theory of motivation and indicate the sources of attained data.

3. Application of Maslow’s theory in individualistic and collectivist cultures 3. you Beginning of studies Individuality – collectivism is one of four dimensions of traditions in different countries developed by Geert Hofstede. In respect to (Hofstede, National Nationalities in 4 Dimensions, 1983), in an individual society people look after themselves and instant family members. This individual defines collectivism as a desire for a close social framework where loved ones and other in-group members look after them as a swap for devotion; individualism, on the other hand, refers to an even more self-oriented method of socialization.

3. 2 Method & Findings Source: www.geert-hofstede.com In a the latest study (Ivtzan, 2010) the cultural quality of self-actualization is examined using the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) questionnaire developed by (Shostrom, E. M, 1980) as a comprehensive way of measuring the self-actualizing characteristics at first highlighted by Maslow. The POI set of questions was tested on 100 British individuals and 90 Indian participants as these two cultures participate in 2 diverse cultures (Hofstede, geert-hofstede. com, 2004).

For the speculation, the outcomes showed English participants obtained significantly higher than the Of india participants about 10 out of your 12 weighing scales, meaning that Individuals from an individualistic tradition are more likely to always be closer to the self-actualizing best, as scored by these types of scales, than individuals from a collectivistic culture. Therefore, one’s cognition and inspiration are affected by the social program in which they are really raised and fulfilling one’s potential is definitely expressed differently in these cultures. Collectivistic cultures are more ‘other orientated’ with strong emphasis on approval, acknowledgement and devotedness to interpersonal groups (Erez & Earley, 1993).

For this, Tanaka (1978) examined individualistic and collectivistic differences in agreeable responses to various behavioural statements. For example , in response towards the statement “To do something good for society”, participants from Indonesia, Pakistan and India obtained the highest and others from Down under and Fresh Zealand the cheapest. However , reacting to the declaration “To attain personal happiness”, the routine of outcomes was reversed.

Similarly, Riesman et ‘s (1953) identify that the other-directed person “hardly thinks of himself while an individual” (p. 33) further recommending that collectivists that define themselves in this ‘other-directed’ approach are less likely to be inner directed than individualists. Therefore , prestigious companies just like Royal Traditional bank of Ireland (RBS, 2007) that definitely use Maslow’s motivational theory may are not able to effectively ‘reach out’ their more collectivist employees. Origin: www.geert-hofstede.com 4. Summary Hofstede (1983) and Nevis (1983) both deduce that the structure of needs developed by Maslow stresses specific achievement rather than collective, since it was developed based on individualistic ALL OF US model.

Yet , Hofstede (1983) and Trompenaars (1993) concur that the American way of administration does not apply across all cultures, especially as all those in Asia. Living to the fullest potential is a common theme plus the route to unlocking this kind of potential and fulfilling it could be dependent on the cultural ideals. Therefore , the results of using Maslow’s model will differ in individualist and collectivist civilizations.

Further research is needed to establish whether the fulfilment of the individual within a non-Western, collectivistic culture can be idealised in a different way (Ivtzan, I actually., Gardner, H. E., Bernard, I., Sekhon, M., & Hart, L., 2013). 5. Implications for Managers Individual countries looking for to invest in collectivist countries (e. g. China) can enhance their profitability through understanding of collectivist culture and vice versa. Businesses where supervision models are based on individualism shouldn’t force all their management techniques upon a collectivist environment.

For example , in a collectivist traditions like Chinese suppliers, Nevis (1983) suggests that Oriental business methods should be governed by being an excellent member of society and positioning group needs before specific requirements. Therefore , a team-based organizational structure needs to be put in place by investing organization. The human reference management program should also design a rewards plan that centres around the work group with a focus on housing, health care, and education.

Cultural studies important in human resource management in order to divide among individualistic and collectivistic cultures, allowing the two to work well and successfully, side by side, in the same organisational environment (Ivtzan, I., Gardner, H. At the., Bernard, My spouse and i., Sekhon, Meters., & Hart, R., 2013). Also, the human resource supervision plan should certainly implement an extensive cultural training curriculum designed to maximize understanding and awareness of a collectivist lifestyle to avoid fights and situations that would cause one to reduce face (Gambrel, P. A. & Cianci, R., 2003).