36691338

Accounting, Style

The current issue and complete text organize of this journal is available at www. emeraldinsight. com/1362-0436.

htm CDI 13, 4 Factors in? uencing career choice of management learners in India Tanuja Agarwala Faculty of Management Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India Summary Purpose – This conventional paper aims to check out the in? uence of any range of elements on the job choice of supervision students in India. The importance of different people in the along with at work to make career choices between these students is also to become explored.

Additionally , the study tries to address the partnership of the ethnic values of individualism-collectivism plus the protean/conventional job orientations of MBA learners from India, with elements as well as persons in? uencing the choice of a profession. Design/methodology/approach – Participants consisted of 93 college students from India entering management, who were beginning their? rst year in the two-year fulltime MBA software. Self-administered questionnaires were utilized to gather info on factors and types of interactions in? encing career choice, individualism/collectivism, and protean/conventional job orientation. Results – “Skills, competencies, and abilities” was the most important factor and “father” was your most signi? cant individual in? uencing the career selection of Indian supervision students. The predominant ethnical value was collectivism, even though the students proven individualist tendencies in some contexts. A protean orientation led the career positioning of these students. Research limitations/implications – Your data were collected only from one particular management start in India.

Originality/value – Empirical exploration on elements and types of associations in? uencing career choice, and their correlates, has not been done among American indian students. The paper tackles this issue plus the study has implications intended for career counseling. Keywords Careers, Career assistance, National cultures, Students, India Paper type Research conventional paper 362 Profession Development Foreign Vol. 13 No . 5, 2008 pp. 362-376 queen Emerald Group Publishing Limited 1362-0436 DOI 10. 1108/13620430810880844

Introduction The positive effect has brought in regards to a radical modification in what companies need to do to keep up their competitiveness. As bureaucratic skills turn into crucial intended for organizations to succeed in a competitive and thrashing business environment, there has been a sharp rise in the demand for bureaucratic professionals worldwide. Sturges ou al. (2003) proposed the MBA level imparts particular key expertise to learners. These competencies may be of key signi? cance inside the career success of learners as “management” has gained in importance over other designs of vocations.

Industry demand for new bureaucratic resources in India far exceeds supply. According to one estimate, the whole number of basic managers needed by company India each year stands by 2, 735[1]. But the best organization schools in India produce about 1, 740 managers in any given year. This demand-supply distance, amounting to almost thirty eight percent, features resulted in competition for scarce managerial expertise, high degrees of attrition, and an increase in the compensation amounts of managerial pros.

For a numerous students in India, a managerial job has become the most preferred profession choice. The emergence of management as a formal education is fairly the latest, yet the MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION degree provides emerged among the most sought after higher educational quali? cations. There was a 55 percent increase in the number of institutes imparting management education in India between 1999/2000 and 2005/2006. More than 100, 000 students are learning towards a great MBA degree in about 1, 2 hundred institutions offering MBA certifications in India.

Business factors coupled with a number of sociocultural improvements have generated changing career preferences amongst young people in India. A person’s choice of career is likely to be in? uenced by simply several factors, including personal and cultural values, family members background, career expectations, etc . Studies had been conducted in several cultural contexts to determine the selection of? factors that in? uenced students to make career choices (Ozbilgin et approach., 2005, Kyriacou et approach., 2002, Ozkale et approach., 2004). However , a literary works review shows that no scientific study have been onducted amongst management college students in India in order to understand their very subjective view about why that they choose to go after a career a manager. The main purpose of the present examine was to determine important factors that in? uenced the choice of profession of students pursuing an MBA degree in India, and the role that various people and relationships performed in their job choice. The research also attempted to explore the dominant social values of the students along Hofstede’s individualism-collectivism dimension, plus the strength with their protean profession orientation.

An effort was likewise made to analyze whether there was a romance between individuality versus collectivism as a ethnic value and protean vs conventional job orientation of management college students in India with the types of factors, people and human relationships that are very likely to play a significant role within their career decision. Gender distinctions among the Of india MBA pupils were also explored. Career choice of management learners 363 Theoretical background “Choice” means “selecting or separating from several things that which is preferred” (Webster’s Book, 1998). Profession choice” involves choosing a single occupation more than another. Therefore, in order for “career choice” to take place, two circumstances are necessary: (1) availability of option career choices, and? (2) an individual/personal preference among these job options (Ozbilgin et approach., 2005). The numbers of career options/alternatives accessible to an individual at any given moment in time are in? uenced simply by external factors (labor market, state of the economy, etc . ), and individual elements (education, friends and family background, thinking, etc .. Career choice, therefore , is not unbridled. Rather, career choices in many cases are constrained by simply sociocultural factors (Swanson and Gore, 2000), individual factors, personal and cultural beliefs, signi? can’t relationships, and structural elements such as limitations faced simply by women in some careers just like management. Most career choice research has aimed at predicting career choice actions based on individuality or market? variables (Ozbilgin et ‘s., 2005). Research attempting to determine career decision in? encing factors have focused mainly on individuals’ aptitudes, pursuits, opportunities, and so forth CDI 13, 4 364 Factors in? uencing profession choice Couple of studies have got examined the factors that in? uence career choice. Previous studies have identi? ed many varied factors that in? uence students’ career decision (Ginzberg, 1951, Super, 1957, O’Connor and Kinnane, 61, Paolillo and Estes, 1982, Felton ainsi que al., 1994). The most traditionally used classi? cation in profession choice studies is the three-dimensional framework by Carpenter and Foster (1977) and Beyon et ing. (1998).

The three factors happen to be: (1) intrinsic (interest inside the job, individually satisfying work), (2) extrinsic (availability of jobs, very well paying occupations), and (3) interpersonal (in? uence of fogeys and signi? cant others). Some exploration evidence is present to show that sociocultural, economical, and personal changes affect the career choices of young people. Bai (1998) identified that the marketplace economy transformed the beliefs of university students who place self-interest just before societal interests, and graded money and power as the primary motivators in? nding a job. The relative in? ence of varied factors for the career choice of students has become found to? vary throughout cultures (Ozbilgin et al., 2005). The majority of research on career choice has been done on work-related groups such as accountants and healthcare experts (Carpenter and Strawser, 70, Paolillo and Estes, 1982, Gul et al., 1989, Bundy and Norris, 1992, Auyeung and Sands, 97, Morrison, 2004). Barring some studies? (Simmering and Wilcox, 1995, Moy and Lee, 2002, Sturges et ‘s., 2003, Ozbilgin et approach., 2005, Pinastre and Baruch, 2007), the career “choice” of MBA college students and the elements in? encing this decision have rarely been dealt with. The subject matter is worth discovering since the MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION degree features raised administration to specialist status, giving management graduates a door to a fast-track managerial job. There is no data about the factors that in? uence career range of students in India. The in? uence of relationships on profession choice Human relationships constitute an important dimension of human operating, yet the involvement in understanding how relationships and careers are connected has increased only in recent years (Blustein et ing., 2004, Schultheiss, 2003, Phillips et ‘s. 2001, Schultheiss et al., 2001). Most research attempts in the location have aimed at how relationships and systems are good to profession mobility and advancement. The role of relationships for making career choices has been overlooked. There is also a need to direct research initiatives to exploring the types of relationships that matter, and why they are signi? cant in making career choices. The present analyze speci? cally aims to explore the comparative importance and in? uence of different relationships (mother, father, relatives, colleagues, etc . ) to make career choices between Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students.

Individualism-collectivism, and elements and human relationships in? uencing career decision Culture is an important determinant of how people think and act, while “values” are “broad tendencies to prefer particular state of affairs more than others” (Hofstede, 1980). Social values are likely to have an impact within the factors and relationships that in? uence career related choices of college students. Studies possess focused on the cultural sizing of individualism-collectivism (I/C) while an important determinant that in? uences profession “choice” of students from countries that vary along the I/C dimension.

These research have evaluated cultural different versions in elements in? uencing career decision? (Auyeung and Sands, 97, Ozbilgin et al., 2005). The I/C dimension,? rst measured empirically by Hofstede (1980), identifies how people relate to other folks and to society, and represents the extent where they are psychologically and cognitively attached to a specific network of individuals. According to Hofstede’s scientific index for the aspect, Western countries (the UNITED STATES, the UK, Australia) cluster toward the individualist end although Asian nations around the world (such since Japan, Taiwan and India) cluster toward the collectivist end. Individualism” refers to it tends of people to consider their own interests just, to view themselves as “independent” of agencies, and to place a higher value on self-reliance and individual action. “Collectivism” refers to the inclination of folks to view themselves as “interdependent” and as part of a larger group, and to safeguard the pursuits of group members. Therefore , preferences pertaining to social in? uences for making career choices might also differ in individualistic vs collectivistic civilizations. Research evaluating the differential role of peers, co-workers, mentors, managers, etc . in career decision-making is limited. Related research shows that there is a confident relationship among collectivism and family relatedness, and individualism and expert relatedness? and, (Benet-Martinez and Karakitapoglu-Aygu the year 2003, Kwan ain al., 1997). Some studies have cared for I/C because an individual difference variable (Ramamoorthy and Carroll, 1998, Ramamoorthy and Flood, 2002), indicating that also within a region considerable variability may can be found in social values at the individual level. These dissimilarities may impact individual’s behaviour and patterns.

It may be deduced, therefore , that variability in I/C may exist in the sample of Indian supervision students, which variability may possibly have an effect on what factors and relationships will likely in? uence these learners in their choice of career. Job orientation and career achievement “Career accomplishment orientation” might be described as “the way people de? nenni their accomplishment at work and this individual perceptions of career success re? ect specific values, behaviour and determination with respect to both work and life within a broader sense” (Derr, 1986).

This alignment provides a guide to action, and therefore is similar to a temperament (McGuire, 1985), which has a intellectual component (a set of beliefs about the career), a great evaluative aspect (a impression of what would be a “good career” or a “bad career” for oneself), and a behavioral aspect (an action tendency or a predisposition to behave in a few ways). You will find two types of career orientations: (1) protean (new job orientation), and (2) conventional (traditional organizational orientation). Corridor? rst described the protean career in 1976.

Relating to Corridor (2004), a “protean” career is the one which is handled proactively by simply individuals (self-directed) according to their own personal values (values driven), rather than by organizational returns. Core protean values are freedom and growth (Hall, 1976, 2002), and the primary criteria of success will be subjective (intrinsic/psychological success) rather than objective (extrinsic/material). A protean career orientation re? ects the magnitude to which a person adopts this sort of a point of view to their job (Briscoe and Hall, 2006). Career choice of management students 365 CDI 13, four 66 A standard career positioning de? ned career achievement in terms of considerable objective elements such as earnings, recognition, or perhaps number of special offers (Gattiker and Larwood, 1988). The main value of conventional job orientation can be “advancement”. Though career success has been investigated extensively considering that the 1950s, the study of subjective and objective career success did not start right up until 1988 (Gattiker and Larwood, 1988), and until 2002, non-e of these studies engaged collecting the participants’ very own (subjective) look at of their measures of career success.

The existing study aims to explore Of india management students’ subjective look at of career success and also attempts to comprehend the relationship with their career success orientation together with the factors and relationships in? uencing career choice. Method Sample qualities and info collection The sample[2] contained 93 supervision students in the University of Delhi, India, who were starting their? rst year of your two-year full-time MBA degree program. Questionnaire responses had been obtained from 99 students, that 93 were Indian individuals. The other six pupils were international students coming from Nepal, Sri Lanka and Canada.

For the purpose of this current paper, the particular responses of the Indian citizens were assessed. Hence, the total sample size was 93, of to whom 50. 5% (n? 47) were male, and 49. 5 percent (n? 46) were female. How old they are ranged from twenty to twenty seven years, with an average age of 22 years and two months. The majority of the college students (31. 2 percent) had been 21 years old and Indio (88. two percent) by simply religion. All the students had been unmarried. The majority of students (n? 65, 69. 9 percent) belonged to family members in which the dad was offering as a staff in either a technical or maybe a professional capacity.

Only 18 students (19. 4 percent) had a business background, using their father staying self-employed or an entrepreneur. Of a total of 93 college students, 42 students (45. two percent) experienced nonworking mothers and 43 had operating mothers, that 37. 6th percent (n? 35) were in the employment of others, 6th. 5 percent (n? 6) had been self-employed, and 2 . 2 percent (n? 2) had been working part-time. A total of 43 college students came from families where equally parents were working, either in the job of others or perhaps owning their own business. Every student was asked to complete a questionnaire within the? rst 20 days of joining the full-time, wo-year MBA degree program. Your data for this current article was collected in July 2006. Measures? Factors in? uencing career choice. The 14-item scale developed by Ozbilgin ainsi que al. (2004) was used to obtain data for the degree that various elements in? uenced the career selection of the students sampled. Each item on the size corresponded into a career decision factor. The reliability from the scale, since evidenced by Cronbach’s a, was 0. 66. Interactions in? uencing career choice. The in? uence of certain individuals (relationships) just like father, mother, friends, fellow workers, etc . in students’ career choice was assessed by using a nine-item customer survey (a? 0: 65). Individualism-collectivism. Cultural values on Hofstede’s individualism-collectivism sizing were scored using a 16-item questionnaire produced by Triandis and Gelfand (1998). Cronbach’s a for 8 individualism things was zero. 59, as well as for eight collectivism items it was 0. 62. Career alignment. A 13-item scale developed by Baruch (2006) was used to measure career orientation, with nine products measuring a protean look at of a profession and four products measuring a regular view of any career. Cronbach’s a to get protean items was 0. 5, as well as for traditional products a was 0. seventy eight. Responses upon all the forms were obtained on a seven-point Likert level where 1? strongly disagree/not at all important, and several? strongly agree/very important. Benefits Factors in? uencing profession choice The means and standard deviations of the 13 factors that in? uenced the career selection of MBA college students in India are presented in Stand I, pertaining to the total test and by sexuality. As is noticeable from Stand I, MBA students from India ranked their “skills, competencies, and abilities” as the utmost important job choice in? uencing factor, followed by “education and training” and “? ancial returns in this career”. Separate studies by male or female showed that male and female Indian MBA students differed in the elements they rated as the most essential in in? uencing their particular career choice (see Table I). Men students ranked “? nancial rewards in this career” as the most important factor inside their career decision decision accompanied by “Quality of life associated with this career” and “skills, competencies, and abilities”. For female college students, “skills, expertise, and abilities” and “education and training” were the most important factors. T-tests revealed two factors – “Quality of life associated with this career” (t?: 98, p, zero: 05) and “Financial returns in this career” (t? a couple of: 37, p, 0: 05) – that have been signi? cantly more important determinants of career choice pertaining to male as compared with female MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students in India. Not any other profession choice elements revealed signi? cant male or female differences. For both male and female Of india management learners, as well as for the whole sample, “lack of entry to other career options” was the lowest rated factor in their Total sample (n? 93) Mean SD 6. apr 5. 90 5. 82 5. seventy seven 5. seventy 5. 58 5. 46 5. 39 5. 13 4. 59 4. 23 3. 71 2 . 94 2 . forty eight 1 . 07 6. ’04 1 . 23 1 . 30 1 . forty 1 . 53 1 . 52 1 . 57 1 . 52 1 . forty seven 1 . 93 1 . 89 1 . 66 1 . 62

Career selection of management students 367 Number 1 a couple of 3 5 5 six 7 almost eight 9 10 11 doze 13 16 Factors in? uencing profession choice My skills and abilities My own education and training Economic rewards in this career I have a free choice in making my personal career decisions Quality of life associated Promotion possibilities Training and education My love of this profession Success stories of friends, family members My familiarity with the labor market My? nancial/economic state Ease of entry to this job Chance, luck or circumstances Lack of entry to other profession options Guys (n? 47) Mean SECURE DIGITAL 5. 96 5. seventy seven 6. 13 5. seventy two 5. 98 5. 83 5. seventeen 5. 31 5. ’04 4. 36 4. twenty three 3. sixty six 3. 2009 2 . 1 ) 02 1 ) 29 0. 82 1 ) 26 zero. 99 1 . 15 1 . 48 1 ) 60 1 . 44 1 ) 54 1 . 95 1 . 82 1 . 47 1 . 55 Females (n? 46) Mean SD 6. 13 6. apr 5. 55 5. 83 5. forty one 5. thirty-three 5. seventy six 5. 48 5. 22 4. 83 4. 39 3. seventy six 2 . 79 2 . thirty-five 1 . 13 1 . 43 1 . sixty two 1 . thirty four 1 . sixty-eight 1 . seventy eight 1 . 52 1 . fifty five 1 . sixty 1 . thirty seven 1 . 94 1 . ninety six 1 . 84 1 . sixty-five Table My spouse and i. Means and SDs: factors in? uencing career selection of Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students CDI 13, some career choice. “Chance, fortune or circumstances”, “ease of access to this kind of career”, inch? nancial and economic condition”, and “knowledge of labor and/or profession market” were also not perceived as having a crucial in? uence on their job choice. Function of human relationships in in? encing job choice Stand II reveals the means and common deviations according to in? uence of individuals and relationships on career choice of Indian MBA students to get the total test and by male or female. It is apparent from the outcomes that “father” exerted the best in? uence on the job choice of college students in India, for equally male and feminine students. To get female learners, the second most important in? uence was that with the “mother”. Nevertheless , for man students, “friends”, that is, the peer group, played a much more important role than the “mother”, and was second only to the “father” inside their career choice decision. Managers” and “relatives” were the very least important in in? uencing the career selection of all Of india management learners. t-Tests revealed no signi? cant distinctions between male and female students in the in? uence of relationship types (father, mother, work friend, etc . ) on job choice. Ethnic values and career accomplishment orientation Table III reveals the detailed results pertaining to individualism/collectivism (I/C) and for protean/conventional career positioning. The mean scores in Hofstede’s I/C dimension suggest that Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students had been moderately at the top of both individualism (mean? zero: 52) and collectivism (mean? 42: 82), with a somewhat higher report on 368 No . one particular 2 three or more 4 5 6 several 8 9 Individuals/relationship types Father Mom Friend/s Fellow students Teacher/mentor Work acquaintances Signi? cant other/partner One other relative Director Total sample (n? 93) Mean SECURE DIGITAL 4. 76 4. 3 4. 13 4. goal 3. 62 2 . 94 2 . 68 2 . 63 2 . 63 1 . 94 1 . 80 1 . 89 1 . 83 2 . 03 1 . 90 2 . 22 1 . 83 1 . 94 Males (n? 47) Suggest SD four. 57 some. 19 5. 32 four. 00 three or more. 83 a few. 20 2 . 61 installment payments on your 37 2 . 63 2 . 03 1 ) 87 1 . 83 1 . 68 1 . 98 1 ) 85 installment payments on your 22 1 ) 72 1 ) 98 Females (n? 46) Mean SD 4. 96 4. dua puluh enam 3. 93 4. ’07 3. thirty seven 2 . 68 2 . 75 2 . on the lookout for 2 . 63 1 . 85 1 . 94 1 . 96 1 . 98 2 . 08 1 . 94 2 . twenty-four 1 . 92 1 . 80 Table 2. Means and SDs: human relationships in? uencing career selection of Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students Stand III. Means and SDs: cultural principles and job orientation of Indian MBA students Indian MBA college students Total (n? 93) Males (n? 47) Females (n? 46) Social values Individualism Collectivism Mean SD Mean SD 45. 52 forty. 98 forty five. 04 your five. 77 a few. 69 five. 87 40. 82 forty two. 63 43. 00 5. 77 5. 37 6. 20 Profession orientation Protean Conventional Mean SD Indicate SD 48. 85 49. 38 forty eight. 30 6. 33 your five. 78 six. 87 nineteen. 80 twenty. 26 nineteen. 33 four. 86 a few. 85 your five. 72 collectivism.

A combined t-test was conducted to determine whether there was clearly a signi? cant big difference on those two cultural beliefs among the Of india MBA college students. The matched t-test revealed that the suggest score of collectivism was signi? cantly higher than the mean credit score of individualism (paired trials t? twenty two: 82, g, 0: 01). The indicate scores of male and female students on the I/C dimension (Table III) claim that both man and female MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students in India got stronger collectivistic values (mean scores for males? 40: 63, for females? 43: 00) compared to individualistic values (mean scores to get males? forty five: 98, for females? 0: 04). Mean ratings for the two types of career success orientation, protean and standard, suggest that Of india management learners were reasonably high on the two (protean suggest? 48: eighty five, nine items, conventional mean? 19: 70, four items). Thus, flexibility and progress, as well as location and income, were important criteria of career accomplishment for these students. A paired t-test executed between the two subscales (protean subscale and conventional subscale) revealed the protean career orientation to get signi? cantly higher among the Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students (paired samples to? 43: 56, p, 0: 01).

T-tests for group differences uncovered no sexuality differences with respect to cultural principles as well as profession success orientation, among Of india MBA students. Relationship of factors in? uencing career choice and romantic relationship types with individualism/collectivism In addition to an attempt to research the relative strength of I/C cultural values among Indian MBA students, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between individualistic and collectivistic benefit orientations with the individual level and the in? uence of various factors and relationships to make career choices between Indian supervision students.

Pearson correlations were calculated in order to understand which usually career decision factors is often more in? uential for students having a more collectivistic or individualistic orientation. Individuality was discovered to be signi? cantly efficiently correlated with the “quality of life” (r? 0: thirty six, p, 0: 01), “promotion opportunities” (r? 0: twenty-two, p, zero: 05), and “? nancial rewards” (r? 0: thirty five, p, zero: 001) available in a management career. Large collectivism was signi? cantly positively linked to “love of any career in management” (r? 0: twenty six, p, 0: 05), and “belief that one had a totally free choice in making the career decision” (r?: thirty-three, p, 0: 001). Pearson correlations were calculated between cultural principles and types of associations that in? uenced career choice of Indian MBA pupils to see if students who also differed in their levels of collectivism/ individualism also differed inside the extent that they were in? uenced by simply different types of associations (father, mother, friends, etc . ) when making career choice. The outcomes showed simply no signi? cant correlation among individualistic ideals and in? uence of romance types around the career range of Indian MBA students. Nevertheless , a high level of collectivism was found being signi? antly positively correlated with the in? uence of “father” on the career decision (r? zero: 24, g, 0: 05). No various other relationship type was discovered to have a signi? cant correlation with collectivism. The? ndings of the present study will be supported by research conducted in other collectivistic societies such as Poultry. Career range of management college students 369 CDI 13, 4 370 Relationship of factors in? uencing profession choice and relationship types with career orientation Pearson correlations calculated between career orientation and factors in? uencing career choice and relationship types suggested that protean job orientation was signi? antly positively linked to “skills, expertise, and abilities” (r? zero: 30, s, 0: 005), “knowledge of labour/career market” (r? 0: 25, g, 0: 05), “training and education opportunities” (r? zero: 36, p, 0: 01), “quality of life” (r? 0: 3, p, 0: 05), “love of this career” (r? zero: 27, l, 0: 01), and “free choice” (r? 0: twenty three, p, 0: 05). Typical career positioning was identified to be signi? cantly efficiently correlated with “quality of life” (r? zero: 50, g, 0: 01), “promotion opportunities” (r? zero: 30, p, 0: 005), “? nancial rewards” (r? 0: fifty-five, p, zero: 01), “training and education opportunities” (r?: 22, g, 0: 05), “ease of access to this kind of career” (r? 0: 21, p, zero: 05), and “success stories” (r? zero: 33, s, 0: 001). With respect to marriage types, excessive protean career orientation was signi? cantly negatively correlated with the in? uence of “relatives” (r? 20: twenty seven, p, 0: 05) and positively correlated with the in? uence of “manager” (r? 0: twenty eight, p, zero: 05). Standard orientation, on the other hand, was signi? cantly absolutely correlated with the in? uence of “mother” (r? zero: 26, p, 0: 05), “father” (r? 0: twenty three, p, zero: 05), and “manager” (r? 0: 21, p, zero: 05).

Conversation The study aimed to identify the factors and relationship types that in? uenced job choice of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students in India. The relationship of individualism/collectivism and protean/conventional career orientation with factors and types of human relationships that in? uenced position choice of these kinds of students was also investigated. Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students regarded their own “skills, competencies, and abilities” and “education and training” (intrinsic career decision factors) since playing the most signi? cant role within their choice of a management job. With respect to associations, “father” applied the greatest in? ence issues career decision. The outcomes replicate the? ndings of the study by Pines and Baruch (2007), and Pinastre et approach. (2002) throughout? ve countries (i. electronic. Israel, the UK, Turkey, Cyprus, and Hungary). Students deciding on a bureaucratic career may be similar in most respects, regardless of nationality. The key in? uence of “father” in job decision of Indian learners may be realized in the circumstance of a largely patriarchal world. The fact that the majority of the students had a professional background, their father being an executive/ professional, can also have in? uenced all their career choice.

Numerous research have shown commonalities between parents’ occupations and the children’s career aspirations (Barling, 1990, Trice and Konzis, 1992). Findings on I/C suggest that despite the fact that Indian MBA students had a mix of equally cultural values, they demonstrated a de? nite desire for collectivism, thus promoting Hofstede’s (1980)? ndings. A number of other studies suggest that the Of india culture is definitely collectivist (Sinha and Verma, 1987, Verma, 1999, Verma and Triandis, 1998). Facts also shows that Indian pupils exhibit a mix of both individualistic and collectivistic behaviors the moment I/C can be considered an individual level variable.

Consequently, I/C are certainly not a zweipolig dimension (Triandis, 1994). Within a dynamic culture characterized by financial liberalization and a Traditional western pattern of education, college students may be subjected? n to both I, C benefit preferences, putting an emphasis on both (Karakitapoglu-Aygu and Sayim, 2007, Ramamoorthy et ing., 2005). Most likely Indians worth both I, C, which in turn coexist and jointly in? uence the way they de? eine themselves, relate with others, and decide focal points in contouring to sociable norms (Sinha et al., 2001). The relative salience of the situation will determine which with the two – collectivism or individualism – will be evoked (Tripathi, 1988).

It is likely that Indian students who demonstrated excessive collectivistic alignment may make individualistic choices in case of that linked to the person’s career (Sinha and Tripathi, 1994). Similarly, students who have showed higher individualism could make collectivist selections in a non-career context. The? ndings regarding the relationship of things and people in? uencing position choice of Indian MBA pupils to ethnic values might be explained in this particular context. In individualistic civilizations, individuals are trying to find individual benefits, career progression, autonomy and individual? ancial security (Price, 1997), they believe they are accountable for their own upcoming and are concerned with material assets and cultural status (Di Cesare and Golnaz, the year 2003, Hofstede and Hofstede, 2005). A higher level of individualism among Indian pupils was identified to be signi? cantly correlated with extrinsic factors (money, status, etc . ), suggesting that these students located a greater worth on material bene? ts, such as funds, social respect, and career advancement. Those learners who had a collectivistic alignment emphasized “free choice” and “love of career” since important in? uences prove career decision.

Collectivists are likely to subordinate personal goals to group goals, and focus on values of harmony, cooperation, and low levels of competition. Hence, substantial levels of collectivism may be linked to a wish to demonstrate that one had chosen the career away of free is going to, and not out of competition or pressure to adapt, thus emphasizing harmony. Indian management learners who were high on individualistic beliefs were not in? uenced by way of a family or perhaps signi? can’t social networks inside their choice of profession. However , college students who were high on collectivism were in? uenced by their daddy in? their career choice decision.

Related? ndings had been reported by Karakitapoglu-Aygun and Sayim (2007) in a study of Turkish MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students. Since the I/C sizing emphasizes separateness versus embeddedness in cultural relationships, it can be expected which a collectivistic person may benefit support from others, specifically from family members, in his/her career decision-making process, thus suggesting a positive relationship among collectivism and family relatedness (Kwan et al., 1997). On the other hand, a great individualistic person might not benefit the involvement of others, specifically family members, within an important decision such as job choice.

Of india management students demonstrated both equally protean and conventional profession orientation, although were mainly protean. In respect to Reitman and Schneer (2003), MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION graduates delight in both self-managed and promised (conventional) job trajectories. Aside from one profession choice component – i actually. e. “quality of life” (extrinsic) – all other elements (“love of the career”, “skills and competencies”) that were efficiently correlated with protean career positioning in the present study were individual-centric.

Studies show a protean career orientation to be favorably related to very subjective career accomplishment (in conditions of job satisfaction) as the? ndings with regard to objective career success (in terms of salary and promotion rate) have been inconsistent (Briscoe, 2004). Since the protean career positioning re? ects self-directedness, people/relationships may not in? uence career choice of protean individuals. The in? uence of manager on a protean individual’s profession choice in today’s study may well suggest the protean individual’s desire for growth, and the perception of director as a symbol of accomplishment.

Career choice of management pupils 371 CDI 13, 4 372 Individuals with higher typical orientation, in contrast to those with protean orientation are not likely to be self-directed or in control of their profession. Therefore , factors like simplicity of access and success stories of others may play an in? uential function in their selection of career, since among American indian students. These individuals are also probably in? uenced by other folks, such as parents, in their career choice. These kinds of? ndings could possibly be viewed with the predominantly collectivistic orientation of Indian learners.

Gender differences In terms of the “intrinsic” and “extrinsic” classi? cation of job choice elements, it appears that inbuilt factors (such as abilities and competencies) were essential for woman students in their choice of management career, although extrinsic elements were crucial for men students. The results could possibly be explained with reference to the traditional view of “managerial career” being a “male” job. Women encounter barriers to career success not encountered by guys (Simpson, 2000) and are examined under stricter criteria than men (Morrison et ‘s., 1987).

To advance women need to prove that they may have the competence to succeed. Therefore, the inputs of education and schooling are more target merits that help females to enhance their particular credibility and credentials (Melamed, 1996). The study revealed not any gender dissimilarities on some other variable. Hall (2004) recommended that a person’s career orientation was not related to male or female. Regarding the study of sex differences, Baumeister (1988) suggests that this is no longer necessary, although Eagly (1987) and Lefkowitz (1994) advocate the investigation of sexual intercourse differences in company behavior.

In the event that obtained regularly across research, even null? ndings are crucial (Lefkowitz, 1994) since these kinds of would help establish that women and males are similar people. Implications The? ndings in the study might have an inference for vocational guidance and counseling among Indian students aspiring for a career in management. By attaining an insight into how college students make all their career choices, an effort can be built to guide pupils towards even more realistic opportunities. However , the? ndings of the study have got limited generalizability. Notes 1 ) See www. india-today. om/btoday/07051998/cover5. html/12/28/2007 installment payments on your The data offered in the content were gathered as part of the multicultural research study upon career choice. References Auyeung, P. and Sands, T. (1997), “Factors in? uencing accounting students’ career choice: a cross-cultural validation study”, Accounting Education, Vol. 6 No . you, pp. 13-23. Bai, T. (1998), “Monetary reward compared to national ideological agenda: career choice among Chinese university or college students”, Log of Moral Education, Vol. 28 No . some, pp. 525-41. Barling, J. (1990), Work Stress and Family Functioning, Wiley, New york city, NY.

Baruch, Y. (2006), “Career advancement in agencies and beyond: balancing classic and contemporary viewpoints”, Hrm Review, Volume. 16, pp. 125-38. Baumeister, R. N. (1988), “Should we prevent studying sexual differences completely? “, American Psychologist, Volume. 43, pp. 1092-5.? in, Benet-Martinez, Versus. and Karakitapoglu-Aygu Z. (2003), “The interplay of ethnic syndromes, and personality in predicting life-satisfaction: comparing Asian- and European-Americans”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 34, pp. 38-60. Beyon, M., Kelleen, Big t. and Kishor, N. 1998), “Do obvious minority registrants of Chinese and South Oriental ancestry desire teaching as a career? Perceptions of several secondary institution students in Vancouver, BC”, Canadian Ethnic Studies, Volume. 30 No . 2, pp. 50-73. Blustein, D. T., Schultheiss, M. E. P. and Flum, H. (2004), “Toward a relational point of view of the psychology of jobs and functioning: a sociable constructionist analysis”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. sixty four, pp. 423-40. Briscoe, M. P. (2004), “National tradition and the protean career”, paper presented with the European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) Annual Getting together with, Ljubljana.

Briscoe, J. L. and Corridor, D. T. (2006), “The interplay of boundaryless and protean jobs: combinations and implications”, Record of Professional Behaviour, Vol. 69, pp. 4-18. Bundy, P. and Norris, D. (1992), “What accounting students consider essential in the job selection process”, Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 8, pp. 1-6. Carpenter, C. G. and Strawser, R. H. (1970), “Job selection tastes of accounting students”, Log of Accountancy, Vol. 172, pp. 84-6. Carpenter, S. and Promote, B. (1977), “The career decisions of student teachers”, Educational Research and Viewpoints, Vol. Number 1, pp. 23-33. Derr, C. N. (1986), Managing the New Careerists, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. Dalam Cesare, L. and Golnaz, S. (2003), “Do almost all carrots look the same? Examining the impact of culture about employee motivation”, Management Research News, Volume. 26, pp. 29-40. Eagly, A. H. (1987), “Reporting sex differences”, American Psychologist, Vol. 40, pp. 756-7. Felton, T., Buhr, D. and Northey, M. (1994), “Factors in? uencing the organization student’s selection of a career in chartered accountancy”, Issues in Accounting Education, Vol. 13 No . you, pp. 131-41. Gattiker, U. E. and Larwood, M. 1988), “Predictors for managers’ career freedom, success and satisfaction”, Individual Relations, Volume. 4 Number 8, pp. 569-91. Ginzberg, E. (1951), Occupational Choice, Columbia School Press, Ny, NY. Gul, F. A., Andrew, M. H., Leong, S. C. and Ismail, Z. (1989), “Factors in? uencing choice of discipline of study: accountancy, engineering, regulation and medicine”, Accounting and Finance, Volume. 29 Number 2, pp. 93-101. Lounge, D. Capital t. (1976), Jobs in Organizations, Scott Foresman, Glenview, IL. Hall, Deb. T. (2002), Careers in and out of Agencies, Sage Publications, Thousand Oak trees, CA.

Corridor, D. T. (2004), “The protean career: a quarter-century journey”, Diary of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 65, pp. 1-13. Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Beliefs, Sage Magazines, Beverly Slopes, CA. Hofstede, G. (2005), Cultures and Organizations: Application of the Brain, McGraw-Hill, New york city, NY.? n, Karakitapoglu-Aygu Z. and Sayim, K. Unces. (2007), “Understanding the position of human relationships in? making career choices between Turkish MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students”, in Ozbilgin, M. F. and Career selection of management pupils 373 CDI 13, four 374 Malach-Pines, A. Eds), Career Decision in Management and Entrepreneurship: An investigation Companion, Edward Elgar, Aldershot. Kwan, V. S. Con., Bond, M. H. and Singelis, Big t. M. (1997), “Pan-cultural details for life-satisfaction: adding relationship harmony to self-esteem”, Journal of Personality and Cultural Psychology, Volume. 73, pp. 1038-51. Kyriacou, C., Coulthard, M., Hultgren, A. and Stephens, S. (2002), “Norwegian university students’ view on a job in teaching”, Journal of Vocational Education and Training, Vol. 54 No . you, pp. 103-16. Lefkowitz, L. (1994), “Sex-related differences in job attitudes and dispositional factors: now you find them.. “, Academy of Management Log, Vol. thirty seven No . 2, pp. 323-49. McGuire, W. J. (1985), “Attitudes and attitude change”, in Lindzey, G. and Aronson, Elizabeth. (Eds), Guide of Sociable Psychology, 3 rd ed., Vol. 2, Random House, New york city, NY, pp. 233-346. Malach-Pines, A. and Baruch, E. O. (2007), “Culture and gender inside the career selection of aspiring? managers and entrepreneurs”, in Ozbilgin, M. Farrenheit. and Malach-Pines, A. (Eds), Career Decision in Management and Entrepreneurship: A Research Companion, Edward Elgar, Aldershot. Malach-Pines, A., Sadeh, A., Dvir, G. and Yafe-Yanai, O. 2002), “Entrepreneurs and managers: comparable yet different”, International Diary of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 10, pp. 172-90. Melamed, T. (1996), “Career accomplishment: an evaluation of a gender-speci? c model”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 69, pp. 217-42. Morrison, A. M., Light, R. S. and Van Velsor, Elizabeth. (1987), Smashing the Glass Roof, Addison-Wesley, Browsing, MA. Morrison, J. (2004), “In? uences before and through medical institution on job choices”, Medical Education, Volume. 38, pp. 230-1. Moy, J. T. and Shelter, S. M. (2002), “The career range of business participants: SMEs or perhaps MNCs?, Profession Development Foreign, Vol. several No . six, pp. 339-47. O’Connor, L. P. and Kinnane, T. F. (1961), “A aspect analysis of work values”, Diary of Counselling Psychology, Volume. 8, pp. 263-7.??? Ozbilgin, M., Kusku, F. and Erdogmus, N. (2004), “In? uences on career choice”, paper offered at the Total annual Convention in the American Emotional Association, Honolulu, HI.??,? Ozbilgin, M., Kusku F. and Erdogmus, N. (2005), “Explaining in? uences on job ‘choice’: the case of MBA students in comparative perspective”, International Diary of Hrm, Vol. 16 No . 14, pp. 2000-28.

Ozkale, D., Kusku, Farrenheit. and Saglamer, G. (2004), “Women in engineering education in Turkey”, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society pertaining to Engineering Education Annual Meeting , Annotation: Engineering Education Reaches Fresh Heights, Salt Lake Town, UT, This summer 23-26. Paolillo, J. G. P. and Estes, 3rd there�s r. W. (1982), “An empirical analysis of career choice factors between accountants, legal professionals, engineers, and physicians”, The Accounting Review, Vol. 57 No . 4, pp. 785-93. Phillips, S i9000. D., Christopher-Sisk, E. and Gravino, K. L. (2001), “Making job decisions in a relational context”, The Counselling Psychologist, Volume. 9, pp. 193-213. Price, A. (1997), Human Resource Management within a Business Framework, International Thompson Business Press, London. Ramamoorthy, N. and Carroll, H. J. (1998), “Individualism/collectivism orientations and reactions toward substitute human resource management practices”, Human Relations, Vol. five No . your five, pp. 571-88. Ramamoorthy, And. and Overflow, P. (2002), “Employee perceptions and behavioral intentions: a test with the main and moderating associated with individualism-collectivism orientations”, Human Relationships, Vol. fifty five No . 9, pp. 1071-96. Ramamoorthy, N., Gupta, A., Sardessai, 3rd there�s r. M. and Flood, P.

C. (2005), “Individualism/collectivism and attitudes to human resource devices: a comparative study of yankee, Irish and Indian MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTATION students”, Foreign Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16 Number 5, pp. 852-69. Reitman, F. and Schneer, J. A. (2003), “The guaranteed path: a longitudinal research of managerial careers”, Journal of Managing Psychology, Vol. 18 Number 1, pp. 60-75. Schultheiss, D. E. P. (2003), “A relational approach to career counseling: assumptive integration and practical application”, Journal of Counseling and Development, Vol. 81, pp. 301-10. Schultheiss, D. E. P. Kress, H. Meters., Manzi, A. J. and Glasscock, L. M. J. (2001), “Relational in? uences in career development: a qualitative inquiry”, The Therapies Psychologist, Volume. 29, pp. 216-39. Simmering, M. and Wilcox, My spouse and i. B. (1995), “Career search and id formation in MBA students”, Journal of Education for people who do buiness, Vol. seventy No . some, pp. 233-8. Simpson, 3rd there�s r. (2000), “Winners and losers: who l?be? ts the majority of from the MBA? “, Managing Learning, Volume. 31 Number 2, pp. 45-58. Sinha, D. and Tripathi, R. C. (1994), “Individualism within a collectivist tradition: a case of coexistence? of opposites”, in Kim, U. Triandis, L. C., Kagitcibasi, C., Choi, S. C. and Yoon, G. (Eds), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Application, Sage Publications, Thousands of Oaks, CALIFORNIA, pp. 123-36.? Sinha, M. B. S. and Verma, J. (1987), “Structure of collectivism”, in Kagitcibasi, C. (Ed. ), Growth and Progress in Cross-cultural Psychology, Swets , Zetlinger, Lisse, pp. 123-9. Sinha, M. B. L., Sinha, To. N., Verma, J. and Sinha, R. B. N. (2001), “Collectivism coexisting with individualism: a great Indian scenario”, Asian Log of Interpersonal Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 133-45. Sturges, J., Simpson, R. and Altman, Y. 2003), “Capitalising on learning: an exploration of the MBA as a vehicle for producing career competencies”, International Log of Training and Development, Volume. 7 Number 1, pp. 53-66. Very, D. Electronic. (1957), Psychology of Jobs, Harper , Row, Ny, NY. Swanson, J. and Gore, L. (2000), “Advances in professional psychology theory and research”, in Dark brown, S. D. and Lent, R. W. (Eds), Handbook of Guidance Psychology, third ed., Wiley, New York, NYC, pp. 233-69. Triandis, They would. C. (1994), “Theoretical and methodological methods to the study of collectivism? and individualism”, in Kim, U., Triandis, H. C. Kagitcibasi, C., Choi, S. C. and Yoon, G. (Eds), Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Approach, and App, Sage Magazines, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 41-51. Triandis, H. C. and Gelfand, M. M. (1998), “Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individuality and collectivism”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. seventy four, pp. 118-28. Trice, A. D. and Knapp, M. (1992), “Relationship of little one’s career dreams to parents’ occupations”, The Journal of Genetic Mindset, Vol. 153 No . three or more, pp. 355-7. Tripathi, R. C. (1988), “Aligning creation to values in India”, in Sinha, D. and Kao, L. S. 3rd there�s r. Eds), Social Values and Development: Oriental Perspectives, Sage Publications, Fresh Delhi, pp. 314-32. Verma, J. (1999), “Collectivism inside the cultural point of view: the American indian scene”, in Lasry, J. C., Adair, J. and Dion, T. (Eds), Newest Contributions to Cross-cultural Mindset, Swets , Zetlinger, Lisse, pp. 228-41. Career choice of management learners 375 CDI 13, 4 Verma, J. and Triandis, H. C. (1998), “The measurement of collectivism in India”, daily news presented at the Meeting of the International Relationship of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Bellingham, WA, August. Webster’s Book (1998), Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, MICRA, Plain? ld, NJ. Further reading Agarwal, P. (2006), “Towards superiority – higher education in India7”, Working Paper No . 179, Indian Authorities for Research on Foreign Economic Contact (ICRIER), Confederation of Of india Industry (CII). Kumar, R. and Usunier, J. -C. (2001), “Management education within a globalizing community: lessons through the French experience”, Management Learning, Vol. 32 No . a few, pp. 363-91. Corresponding writer Tanuja Agarwala can be contacted at: [email, protected] com 376 To purchase reprints of this article please email: [email, protected] com Or visit each of our web site for further details: www. emeraldinsight. com/reprints